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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

天津煎饼馃子：豆粉“画”饼落蛋香******

　　中新社天津1月3日电 题：天津煎饼馃子：豆粉“画”饼落蛋香

　　作者 王君妍 王在御

　　凛冬的天津晨光熹微，一个简单的招牌“九河张记”挂在街边老房子青砖墙上，阵阵香味随着热气从老房中飘来。

　　早上来一套煎饼馃子，和附近的街坊邻居聊聊天，已成“卫嘴子”丁大爷几十年的习惯。“您要想吃最正宗的天津小吃，那还得是煎饼馃子，尤其是街边旮旯的老店铺，几十年了还是这个老味儿。”

　　九河下梢天津卫，因河而兴，自明代1404年正式筑城至今已有618年的历史。锅巴菜、卷圈、炸糕……被网友称为“碳水天堂”的天津，“早点”异常丰富，其中最具代表性的还得是“煎饼馃子”。

　　据天津民俗专家、专栏作家由国庆介绍，煎饼馃子的由来与天津古老的码头文化密切相关。“老天津卫是河海商埠大码头，搬运工、买卖人较多，一手卷个吃食，一边忙活也不耽误，煎饼馃子也就成了因需而来的快餐。”

　　“正不正宗，得食客说了算。”话音未落，“九河张记”的张建明师傅便舀一勺绿豆面到铁板，手腕轻轻一转，几秒钟便摊好一张煎饼。磕一个鸡蛋摊匀，辅以面酱、豆腐乳、葱花等，铺上馃子或馃箅(bì)儿(薄脆)，用铲子轻巧折叠，一套煎饼馃子几分钟内便新鲜出炉，热气腾腾的焦香味驱散了空气中的寒意。

　　摊煎饼看似简单，其中讲究却不少。“就得用纯绿豆面，绿豆还得是现磨的，铁板的温度必须达到210℃左右，手速也要快，摊出来的煎饼才能又香又脆，还糊不了。”张师傅天津话说得“溜”，手上的活儿更“溜”，不一会又摊好了一套。

　　随后，张师傅从灶台下拿出了一个小瓶，展示他的“独家秘方”——自制调味料。“每家煎饼馃子味道都不太一样，秘密都在小瓶儿里。谈不上啥秘方，但每家都有点儿差别。”张师傅称，各家煎饼馃子味道都有所不同，食客吃惯了一个口味之后，就会觉得别人家做的“不正宗”，但其实这种对细微差别的喜厌，正是大家童年时留下的味觉回忆，久而久之便成为家门口的煎饼馃子“最正宗”。

　　天津姑娘张榕已在加拿大留学六年。她回国的第一件事，就是吃一套煎饼馃子，以解乡愁。不仅如此，在每次出国之前，张榕也会在家门口买一套煎饼馃子带着在赶飞机的路上吃，她说，只有家门口的煎饼馃子，才是属于童年的回忆。

　　“现在我们生产的‘家庭版DIY煎饼馃子’今年已经出口到澳大利亚，让身处异国他乡的食客足不出户便可亲手制作家乡的美食。”天津煎饼馃子协会会长宋冠鸣拿起一盒家庭版煎饼馃子说道，“别看这个小盒子不大，绿豆面、馃箅碎及甜面酱等调料应有尽有，就连摊煎饼专用的竹制煎饼刮子也预备上了，可谓‘麻雀虽小，五脏俱全’”。

　　很多远离家乡的天津人，走在外地的街头巷尾，看到店铺菜单上种类繁多的“煎饼套餐”，不由得会认为那是“异端”美食。唯有回到家门口，一大早买上一套刚出炉的煎饼馃子，边吃边走在熟悉的市井街道上，看行人漫步，听车水马龙，得空儿与街坊聊几句，末了再来口热豆浆，以这样的方式打开一天的生活，可能才算得上是正宗天津卫。

　　也许味觉就是乡愁，无论海外游子还是离乡旅人，即便口音变了，但对故乡煎饼馃子的回忆，依然烙在心中。这种遍布街头巷尾的民间小吃承载的尽是家乡的情结，好似一片光落在浮世一隅，让烟火气照亮了游子归途路。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）